August 2006- Takahashi and Yamanaka introduced four factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4, into mouse embryonic or adult fibroblasts. These cells were deemed to be pluripotent because they displayed “the morphology and growth properties of ES cells and express[ed] ES cell marker genes.” Additionally, the iPS cells formed teratoma tumors when injected into mice, and when injected into blastocysts, they “contributed to mouse embryonic development.” Therefore, pluripotency could be induced in mouse embryonic and adult fibroblasts by the introduction of four factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka 2006).
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